Wild Cucumber (Echinocystis lobata) festoons the landscape with fragrant flowers from midsummer into fall. We’ll share photos and tips for identification, and answer some common questions about this rowdy wild neighbor.
Wild cucumber is also known as Balsam Apple, Prickly Cucumber, Wild Balsam Apple, Wild Mock Cucumber and Lace Pants.
Contents
Plant Photos and Identification
Echinocystis lobata is an annual vine, setting fruit that resemble small, prickly cucumbers. It’s a member of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae). They look similar to bur cucumbers (Sicyos angulatus).
They are not closely related to garden cucumbers, Cucumis sativus, although we did once find a cucumber beetle in one of the fruits.
It prefers wet areas with some shade, including deciduous woods. We normally find it growing in low lying parts of our prairie area. In wet years, it cascades along fence lines and roadsides.
Vines
Wild cucumber vines can grow up to 25-30 feet long. The large leaves have five palmate lobes, resembling maple leaves in shape.
The stem is square, and like garden cucumbers, its tendrils coil outward from the leaf axils to allow the plant to grasp and climb. It readily overgrows trees and shrubs, but rarely does serious damage.
Flowers
Flowers appear from mid-summer into fall and are small, white and very fragrant. Wild cucumbers have separate male and female flowers on the same plant. They are self-fruitful.
Fruit
The fruit of the wild cucumber is a single, large, spiny pod-like container, roughly 2″ (5 cm) long. There are four large seeds in individual chambers.
As it ripens, the fruit dries to a paper-like husk, which opens at the bottom to eject the seeds. The name “lace pants” comes from the appearance of the dried fruit.
(See Wildflowers Of Wisconsin for more information.)
Are wild cucumbers safe to eat or poisonous?
While they may look and smell like garden cucumbers, wild cucumber fruit is not safe to eat. It causes stomach upset, diarrhea, and even burning reactions for some people. Handle the fresh fruit with caution.
Are wild cucumbers poisonous to dogs, too?
Yes. Don’t let curious pets eat the fruit.
What is wild cucumber good for?
The flowers of wild cucumber smell wonderful (at least to me), and the fruit is ornamental. Some people train the vines over a fence or pergola.
Illinois Wildflowers states that the wild cucumber flowers are visited by several species of bees, flies and wasps. I have not found any reference to wildlife eating the seeds, but they have been used as beads.
Is wild cucumber invasive?
While fast growing – the vines can reach 30 feet in a season – the vines are native to North America. They are not an invasive species in the U.S. and Canada.
That said, they can grow crazy fast and smother trees and shrubs. If you don’t want wild cucumber in an area, it’s best to pull or cut the plants when they are small. Don’t let the fruits mature, or they will open up and spread more seeds.
Medicinal Uses of Echinocystis lobata
Peterson’s Field Guide to Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants and Herbs states:
American Indians used the extremely bitter root tea as a bitter tonic for stomach troubles, kidney ailments, rheumatism, chills, fevers, and obstructed menses. Also used in love potions and as I general tonic. Pulverized root poultice for headaches.
This post is for informational purposes only and is not intended to treat or diagnose any illness. Always exercise caution when using any wild plants and make sure you have positively identified the plant.
This post is #37 in the Weekly Weeder Series.
More Wildcrafting and Foraging Information
Recommended Resources:
You may also enjoy other posts in the Weekly Weeder Series and Herbs and Wildcrafting, including:
- Recommended Wildcrafting Reference Books
- Chicory – The Coffee Root Plant – Weekly Weeder #5
- Benefits of Dandelion, Plus How to Use Greens, Seeds, Roots & Flowers
For more in depth plant studies, consider The Herbal Academy.
They have a Botany and Wildcrafting Course that covers in depth information on 25 common wild plants
Please Like, Pin or otherwise share this post if you would like the Weekly Weeder series to continue.
Originally posted in 2012, last updated in 2020.
Abbi says
We had wild cucmber show up a couple of years ago at our garden. They are rather interesting! We were pretty disappointed to find out that we couldn’t (shouldn’t) eat them but my daughter has had fun using them for crafts anyway. She makes some really adorable little men from dried wild cucumbers. You can see a picture of one in a recent post of mine about decorating for fall: http://proverbs31living.blogspot.com/2012/09/decorating-for-fall.html
CommonSenseIdea says
Abbi – your decorations are cute!
Nikki says
” Wild geranium” starts of the article…is that another name for it? Neat little plant. Too bad its you can’t eat it. Love you site! Thanks for all your research.
CommonSenseIdea says
Whoops! I used the wild geranium post as a template, and it looks like I missed a spot replacing the names. Thanks for letting me know. Here’s the wild geranium post – https://commonsensehome.com/wild-geranium/
Susan Hutchinson says
My husband’s grandmother calls this plant “Jenny Creepers”. She gave us some seeds many years ago, they come up all over the place! I don’t mind as the birds eat the seeds. I agree it is disappointing to learn they aren’t edible for human food. Interesting plant though! 🙂
Terri says
please do not eat the seads almost killed our dog!! very poison!! said 4-5 seads can kill a person!! be very careful!!!
kyle says
I’ve eaten them before, dunno why u would feed em to a dog tho O_o
I actually even had a sort of craving for them while collecting them.
jzep(pronounced joe zep) says
Thanks for telling me about it being poisonous for dogs.
George says
The stem is pentangular, not square, like all other Cucurbitaceae
Sandra says
I ate about 1/2 a teaspoonful on 2/11/15 and almost died. I vomotted non stop for about 3 hrs followed by diarrhea. Today is 2/27/15 and I still feel sick from it. I’m having an endoscopy and colonoscopy on 3/2/15.
Laurie Neverman says
That would be why I recommend, “DON’T EAT THIS PLANT!” I’m sorry you had such a bad experience.
Kerr says
Just eat the green ones not the black riped fruit.
Laurie Neverman says
NO – this plant is not recommended for consumption.
Becka G. says
I went looking for plant information on this plant as my dog found an old seed pod and brought it on to the porch to play with…. Several hours later she came down with diarrhea in the night, she is fine today ( the next morning )….. So be careful of this ” wild cucumber plant ”
pretty to look at but very invasive and the spines hurt if stuck by one. I live in southern Ca. thanks for the site!
Laurie Neverman says
She must have eaten a seed. Glad she’s doing better.
JTR says
Aha! Mystery solved. Won’t be eating this! Apparently it can get quite invasive. Will be pulling this spring.
James Slate says
As kids we would throw them at each other. Great fun, they pop open on impact.
Faye Rogers says
Is there a way to rid of them? They are over taking the trees/bushes on the yard. Thank You!
South Central WI.
Laurie Neverman says
In “Weeds: Control without Poisons”, the author notes that large seeded annual broadleaf weeds like wild cucumber are best controlled by increasing soil fertility. Believe it or not, they thrive in poor soil. I’d consider mulching or top dressing the area where they are with compost. For short term control, we just pull them down if they start getting too crazy smothering a tree.
JACKLYN HEUER says
why are there so many this year they are all over what can I do to get rid of them?
Laurie Neverman says
I’ve noticed that the wild cucumbers are abundant in our area this year, too. I’ve seen more this year than any year I can remember. They seem to like the weather. Lots of goldenrod this year, too.
The plant is an annual, so it must start new from seed each year. If possible, cut it back or pull it before it seeds out. Most weed seeds can persist in the soil for years, even decades, waiting for the right conditions to germinate and thrive. This was that year for wild cucumber.
You can use commercial or homemade weed control sprays or other options (https://commonsensehome.com/natural-weed-control/), but they will affect the surrounding plants as well. There’s nothing species specific that I have found.
JACKLYN HEUER says
will they kill dairy cows if eaten?
Laurie Neverman says
I haven’t found wild cucumber listed in the dozen or so lists of plants toxic to cattle that I searched. Usually they will avoid a plant that’s toxic, unless there is absolutely nothing else to eat.
Vickie says
You can dry the larger ones and use them as a loofah Sponge for the bath.
Laurie Neverman says
Ours don’t get much bigger than a couple inches long. Do they grow larger in your area?
Janet H says
I’m in Southern California and most of the pods get to be the size of baseballs – smaller on younger vines but on the ones that come back year after year they are really big. My goats and sheep will eat the leaves and they don’t seem to bother them
Laurie Neverman says
As I understand it, only the seeds are a potential problem.Thanks for sharing your experience.
Pa girl says
Can humans eat the leaves? I ate a small one. It was very sweet. Absolutely delicious and had no adverse reaction. That said it was only the size of 3 quarters.
Laurie Neverman says
According to a comment on the Minnesota wildflowers website post about wild cucumber, leaves and growing tips are edible.
Paul M. Cunningham says
I had the great idea of pulling off all the wild cucumber pods and covered the picnic table with them. Could have covered the two benches as well, but the Mrs. didn’t see the fun in it as I did. Now the idea is just control the spread to areas I don’t want them. I took them away before they matured, so I stand a chance for success. Did you also notice they contain a sort of oily residue in them? What’s with that?
Laurie Neverman says
I haven’t handled them much, since they grow in the more wild areas of the property. The only oil reference I readily found was from The Nature Collective, which noted: “The oil from the seeds was often used to reverse baldness; chemicals in wild cucumber have pharmacological activities similar to chemicals used in modern baldness treatments.”
Paul M. Cunningham says
I wonder about other wild plants in the yard. There’s jewel weed which grows right next to the poison ivy and is actually the antidote to it. There seems to be an orange flower and a yellow flower variety. Ther is what is called pokeberry that I wonder about. Is there anything on wildflower remedies? I see the thing on poisonous plants. Not sure if it is the same thing.
Laurie Neverman says
I’m not sure I understand the question.
Yes, jewelweed can be found in yellow and orange variations, and often grows near plants that cause irritation, like poison ivy or stinging nettle.
I don’t have an article on pokeweed on the site yet, because I haven’t spotted any on our land or nearby. I know poke leaves and shoots were eaten as a cooked spring green. The berries can be eaten if cooked. There is some risk to eating the plant.
Ohio State University notes: