Permaculture Guide to Reed Beds for Home Wastewater Treatment

“Permaculture Guide to Reed Beds: Designing, building and planting your treatment wetland system” provides the reader with detailed instructions for building an environmentally friendly wastewater treatment system. Wetlands are nature's water treatment plants, and the author shows us how to safely adapt them on a household scale.

Contents of Permaculture Guide to Reed Beds

The chapters of the book are as follows:

1. Permaculture Basics
2. Site Assessment and Priorities
3. Wastewater Treatment Basics
4. Settlement and Pretreatment Systems
5. Reed Beds – Theory and Practice
6. Plants and Planting
7. Final Disposal of Effluent
8. Planning Permission
9. Health and Safety
10. Use and Maintenance
11. Stormwater Wetlands

The author is meticulous in his attention to meeting applicable government regulations for home wastewater treatment. Although the book was written with the regulations of the UK and Ireland in mind, building codes are quite similar here in the United States. This book would be good to pair up with The Humanure Handbook, which explains how to safely compost human wastes.

I was a little disappointed to find that there was no discussion of harvesting the wetland plants for compost or fuel making. Some time ago I read about a project using cattails for biomass pellets and energy production. (See “Cattail Biomass to Energy: Commercial-scale harvesting of cattail biomass for biocarbon and solid fuel” for more information.) I was hoping that this might be possible on a small scale, but the author feels that the risk of pathogen exposure from working in your wetland outweighs the value of potential biomass harvest. (The commercial systems use machinery, and weren't harvesting cattails from greywater filtration areas.) There was discussion of using comfrey to gather nutrients from the effluent of the treatment bed.

Pre-treatment and Disposal Options Considered

The pre-treatment and disposal options discussed in the book include:

• Conventional flush toilet treatment process with reed bed
• Standard flush toilet with fecal separation
• Urine diversion toilet
• Urine diversion toilet with fecal separation
• Dry toilet system with optional urine diversion(not accounting for greywater)
• Greywater (set out s a stand-alone system)
• Stormwater (kept on a separate system to avoid inundating the percolation area with rain water)

There are detailed diagrams and discussions of the various treatments scenarios, extensive plant lists, and maintenance lists. The book contain enough information that a homeowner experienced with general building projects could probably use the book to work with a septic installer to get a system in place.

Are Reed Beds the Future of Waste Treatment?

Maybe. In a city or suburban setting, a municipal scale system is probably the best option. Incorporating reed beds into those systems is a worthwhile consideration. You have sewage treatment in process in exposed surface waters. That's a tough sell in most residential neighborhoods. Out in the country where you have more room and no municipal treatment, it would be a better fit. I look forward to seeing how the technology and treatment options evolve as we move forward. Right now, we have way too many nasty things getting back into the water supply, so there's plenty of room for improvement.

I received a copy of this book for review. As always, my opinions are my own.

You may also find useful:

• Edible Landscaping with a Permaculture Twist
• The Bio-Integrated Farm – Water Gardening Like You Never Imagined
• Beyond the War on Invasive Species – A Permaculture Approach to Ecosystem Restoration